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Gestión de los riesgos naturales: por dónde puede iniciar tu empresa 

We've said it before: every company has nature embedded at some point in its value chain. As a result, all businesses, directly or indirectly, depend on nature and the existence of healthy ecosystems. Whether in their supply chain for raw materials, production processes, or the distribution of their products and services, the natural world plays a fundamental role in ensuring the proper functioning of businesses across all industries. Examples can be found everywhere you look. Agriculture, food, beverage, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and textile companies depend on fertile soils and pollinators for the crops that provide their products and raw materials. Mining, construction, and technology companies rely on water availability for mineral extraction, materials transformation, and cooling processes. And transportation, real estate, energy, and tourism companies depend on functional ecosystems that regulate natural phenomena and protect them from disruptive events. As you might already infer from the examples, these dependencies lead to an unavoidable reality: by relying on nature, companies are exposed to natural risks that can affect their value chain, operations, and relationships with customers, communities, and shareholders. Understanding and taking measures to address these risks can make the difference between ensuring long-term business stability and viability or facing critical disruptions, reputational damage, and irreparable financial losses. In this article, we will explore how nature risks can impact businesses and how companies can anticipate disruptive scenarios, protect their assets, comply with emerging regulations, maintain the trust of customers and investors, and, most importantly, build more resilient business models that are better suited to today's context.<h2>What Are Nature Risks and How Can They Impact Businesses?</h2> Nature risks are threats arising from environmental phenomena such as droughts, floods, wildfires, landslides, pollinator loss, or ecosystem degradation, all of which can impact a company's operations and viability. Exacerbated in recent years by the climate and biodiversity loss crises, these risks are not only linked to extreme events, but also to gradual changes in the environmental conditions that sustain business operations, such as water availability, soil health, or local climate stability. The impacts on businesses manifest in different ways: 1. Economic and Operational Impacts: Nature risks can disrupt logistics, increase production costs, and affect supply chains, leading to significant financial losses. For example, Chile's agricultural sector faces growing threats due to prolonged droughts and reduced water availability for irrigation, which lowers crop yields and increases production costs.In the infrastructure and energy sectors, wildfires can damage critical facilities such as power grids and plants, causing service disruptions and high repair costs.2. Legal and Regulatory Impacts: With increasingly stringent environmental regulations aligned with demanding international standards, ignoring natural risks can lead to non-compliance, penalties, and loss of access to certain markets. Global frameworks such as TNFD (Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures), SASB (Sustainability Accounting Standards Board), and GRI (Global Reporting Initiative) require companies to identify, assess, and report not only their impact on nature but also the risks they face due to their dependencies. Companies that fail to properly report their exposure to nature risks may face sanctions or be excluded from major international buyers' supply chains that now require compliance with frameworks like TNFD. 3. Reputational Impacts: More than ever, customers, investors, and communities expect companies to act responsibly in addressing environmental challenges. Failure to manage natural risks can erode brand reputation, affect consumer loyalty, and limit access to funding.For example, a mining company that fails to assess water scarcity risks and impacts local community water resources may face protests, loss of social licenses to operate, and legal disputes.With increasing social and media scrutiny on environmental issues, poor practices or lack of preventive action on nature risks are quickly exposed, damaging public perception of companies. In an era where competitiveness is linked to sustainability, this can directly affect sales, relationships with strategic clients, and the ability to attract ESG-focused investors.<h2>First Steps for Evaluating and Managing Nature Risks &nbsp;</h2>Effectively managing nature risks begins with understanding a company's direct relationship with nature across its entire value chain. This relationship, known as the company's interface with nature, combines its dependencies on nature's services (such as water, soil, pollinators, and climate regulation) with the impacts it generates on ecosystems (such as pollution, deforestation, or soil degradation).Without understanding this interface, it is impossible to anticipate, mitigate, and adapt to natural risks that may threaten business stability in the short, medium, and long term. In upcoming blog posts, we will delve deeper into each of the following areas, which we present here as starting points for companies looking to take a step forward in understanding their dependencies, impacts, risks, and opportunities related to the natural world.<h3>1. Identify Nature Dependencies in the Value Chain &nbsp;</h3>This means determining which natural elements and services the company depends on for its operations. These dependencies can exist at various stages of the value chain, from raw material extraction to final product distribution. In any case, companies should carry out a rigorous inventory of dependencies to understand where they are most exposed and what they can do about it.For example, a food company reliant on pollinator-dependent crops can design nature-based solutions such as conserving local ecosystems, restoring degraded areas to attract pollinators, or launching a project to increase bee populations that could take over this task.<h3>2. Quantify the Company's Impact on Natural Ecosystems &nbsp;</h3>In addition to dependencies, it is crucial to understand how a company impacts nature. <a href="https://le.mu/blog/technology/impact-on-nature-measurement/">We've explained the main challenges and solutions for measuring environmental impact before</a>. The point is quantifying a company's impact on the natural world is crucial to ensuring the availability of resources and reducing future resource depletion risk.For example, a textile company reliant on cotton should accurately assess its impact on soil degradation, water use, and biodiversity in its areas of interest. It can then implement technologies for more efficient water use and regenerative agriculture practices to improve soil health and biodiversity.<h3>3. Identify Key Areas Exposed to Nature Risks &nbsp;</h3>Once a company understands its dependencies and impacts, it must map out territories with the highest exposure to nature risks such as wildfires, droughts, floods, or erosion. These areas may include operational sites, supplier territories, or locations that host key business infrastructure.For example, a real estate company that develops housing or tourism projects needs to map the land where it builds and evaluate risks associated with natural phenomena. By understanding these risks, the company can design more resilient projects, select safer locations, or avoid investments in vulnerable areas.<h3>4. Prioritize Risks Based on Potential Impact &nbsp;</h3>Not all natural risks will affect every company in the same way. Therefore, evaluating which risks are most likely to occur and could have the most significant impact on the company's operation, reputation, and finances is necessary. This analysis helps to prioritize actions, focusing resources where they are most needed.For example, a telecommunications company with antennas and networks in rural areas should consider thunderstorms, forest fires, and landslides. Suppose it can identify that the greatest risk is fire. In that case, the company can invest in antenna protection, create safety rings, and ensure network redundancy, thus guaranteeing continuity of service and avoiding economic losses due to prolonged interruptions.<h3>5. Establish Key Environmental Monitoring Indicators &nbsp;</h3>Lastly, continuous monitoring of ecosystems, company impact, and natural threats is essential. Companies should track environmental indicators relevant to each business in categories such as vegetation, biodiversity, water, and climate to understand how ecosystems change and evolve.For example, a forestry company seeking to anticipate problems affecting its production and the long-term viability of its plantations can define indicators of vegetation cover, presence of animal species, presence of invasive plant species, surface temperature, water risk management, and forest fire risk to follow the ecosystems trajectory and make decisions to protect them and ensure their stability.<h2>Atlas: Data to Understand Your Company's Interface with Nature &nbsp;</h2>Understanding and managing a company's impact on the natural world—and the risks it faces due to its dependencies—requires access to reliable environmental data to inform and accelerate strategic decision-making.<a href="https://le.mu/atlas-web/">Atlas</a>, our nature intelligence platform, serves this purpose. <a href="https://www.instagram.com/p/DG3qYVfRHYL/?img_index=1">Using satellite data, global databases, and AI-powered models</a>, Atlas provides companies with a broad portfolio of carbon, vegetation, biodiversity, water, climate, and risk indicators to quantify their relationship with nature in their areas of interest.If your company wants to assess its dependencies, impacts, and risks related to nature, get in touch. <a href="https://le.mu/atlas-web/">You can easily book a free Atlas demo</a>. Together, we can build a path for your company to become more resilient to natural phenomena, comply with regulations, report according to global environmental standards, and enhance its reputation as a leader in environmental sustainability. &nbsp;

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Managing Nature Risks: Where Your Company Can Start

Todas las empresas tienen a la naturaleza en su cadena de valor. Ya sea de forma directa o indirecta, las empresas de todos los sectores dependen de los recursos naturales y de los servicios ecosistémicos para desarrollar productos, ofrecer servicios y mantener la estabilidad de su operación. La naturaleza no solo proporciona materias primas como agua, madera, minerales o productos agrícolas, sino que también ofrece servicios esenciales como la regulación del clima, la polinización de cultivos y la purificación del aire y el agua, procesos fundamentales para el equilibrio de los ciclos naturales en nuestro planeta, el bienestar humano y el desarrollo de las actividades económicas de diversas industrias.&nbsp; Preservar la salud de los ecosistemas naturales es una responsabilidad compartida de la que cada vez más empresas son conscientes. Prueba de ello son los compromisos medioambientales que organizaciones de distintos tamaños asumen públicamente; la creación de roles y áreas dedicadas a desarrollar estrategias de sostenibilidad ambiental; el progreso de movimientos globales como Net Zero o <a href="https://www.instagram.com/p/DC9maqkJowO/">Nature Positive</a>; y los avances en regulaciones medioambientales que exigen a las empresas mayores obligaciones frente al cuidado del mundo natural.&nbsp; Esta responsabilidad compartida viene acompañada de una exigencia ineludible: que las compañías sean capaces de medir su impacto en la naturaleza de forma precisa y transparente. Sin datos concretos y precisos, es difícil evaluar avances, optimizar estrategias y demostrar su compromiso. Hacerlo, sin embargo, supone un enorme desafío, toda vez que la medición de impacto ambiental es un proceso que puede ser costoso, lento y logísticamente complejo. ¿La buena noticia? Hoy en día existen <a href="https://www.instagram.com/p/DFGjjTqNJsO/?img_index=1">herramientas de monitoreo ambiental y análisis ambiental</a> que utilizan tecnología avanzada para hacerlo de manera más eficiente.&nbsp; En este artículo, vamos a repasar algunos de los principales desafíos asociados a la medición de impacto en la naturaleza en grandes extensiones de terreno, al tiempo que te mostramos cómo tu empresa puede hacerlo de forma ágil y costo eficiente a través de <a href="https://le.mu/es/atlas/">Atlas</a>, nuestra plataforma de inteligencia de la naturaleza, que combina tecnología avanzada con metodologías verificadas científicamente para entregarte datos de la naturaleza sobre tus zonas de interés.<h2>Cuantificación ambiental: 6 beneficios de medir impacto en la naturaleza&nbsp;&nbsp;</h2> Hacer estudios de impacto ambiental no es un ejercicio periférico a tu estrategia empresarial. Todo lo contrario. Entender en detalle la relación de tu empresa con el mundo natural a través de su cadena de valor tiene el potencial de impactar directamente tu modelo de negocio y las metas de tu empresa, asegurando la estabilidad de la operación y desbloqueando nuevas oportunidades de crecimiento. Acá hay 6 beneficios para las empresas que invierten en análisis ambiental:&nbsp; 1. Mayor resiliencia frente a fenómenos naturalesComo las empresas dependen directa o indirectamente de la naturaleza, la degradación ambiental o los cambios en los ecosistemas pueden representar riesgos operacionales y financieros. Al medir su interfaz con el mundo natural las compañías pueden identificar con claridad sus dependencias, anticipar los riesgos a los que están expuestas y desarrollar estrategias de adaptación para garantizar su sostenibilidad a largo plazo. &nbsp; 2. Optimización del uso de recursosMuchas empresas utilizan recursos naturales sin comprender completamente la eficiencia de su consumo o su impacto ambiental. Medir el impacto permite identificar oportunidades para reducir el desperdicio de agua, energía y materias primas, lo que no solo minimiza la huella ambiental, sino que también genera ahorros significativos. Por ejemplo, el monitoreo del uso del suelo a través de datos satelitales puede ayudar a empresas agrícolas a mejorar sus prácticas de riego, optimizando el consumo de agua sin comprometer la producción. 3. Facilidad en cumplimiento normativoLas regulaciones ambientales están en constante evolución y cada &nbsp;vez se hacen más estrictas en distintos países, incluido Chile. Desde normativas sobre emisiones hasta requerimientos de conservación de ecosistemas, las empresas deben demostrar cumplimiento para evitar sanciones económicas y daños reputacionales. Contar con datos sólidos sobre impacto ambiental facilita el cumplimiento de estas regulaciones y permite a las empresas anticiparse a futuros cambios legislativos, reduciendo el riesgo de multas y restricciones operativas. 4. Mejor toma de decisiones basadas en evidenciaLa medición precisa del impacto ambiental proporciona datos científicos que permiten a las empresas diseñar estrategias más efectivas y maximizar su impacto positivo, evitando así estrategias ineficaces o inversiones con retornos inciertos, que pueden ser resultado de tomar decisiones sin información confiable. Por ejemplo, una empresa de energía renovable puede usar indicadores de biodiversidad y cambios en el ecosistema para evaluar la ubicación óptima de nuevos proyectos y evitar impactos negativos en el entorno. 5. Capacidad de demostrar avances en compromisos ambientalesCada vez más empresas se comprometen públicamente a reducir su huella ecológica, para lo cual diseñan estrategias de sostenibilidad. Sin datos verificables, es imposible demostrar progreso frente a los compromisos y las estrategias, lo cual puede poner en duda la credibilidad de estas promesas y causar una afectación difícil de reparar en la reputación de la empresa. 6. Respuesta a exigencias de inversionistas y consumidoresLos inversionistas y consumidores valoran cada vez más la sostenibilidad. Y cada vez exigen mayor transparencia y compromiso ambiental a las empresas. Los fondos de inversión evalúan el impacto que una empresa tiene en la naturaleza al momento de tomar decisiones de financiamiento, así como los consumidores priorizan la responsabilidad empresarial en sus decisiones de compra. Por lo tanto, contar con métricas ambientales verificables puede abrir nuevas oportunidades comerciales y de financiamiento.<h2>Desafíos y soluciones en estudios de impacto ambiental</h2> Los beneficios de medir el impacto en la naturaleza son incuestionables. Sin embargo, decirlo es distinto que hacerlo. Y hacerlo, como adelantamos, presenta varios desafíos. Estos son algunos de los principales, acompañados por lo que Atlas, nuestra plataforma de inteligencia de la naturaleza, puede hacer para solucionarlos:&nbsp;<h3>1. Costo y recursos necesarios para la medición</h3> Medir el impacto ambiental de manera rigurosa requiere inversiones significativas en múltiples herramientas de medición y equipos multidisciplinarios. Enviar expertos a terreno es logísticamente complejo, demorado y costoso, así como lo es cubrir grandes extensiones de territorio para instalar sensores y herramientas de monitoreo ambiental. Atlas: a través del uso de imágenes satelitales nuestra plataforma permite evaluar el impacto de manera remota y eficiente, reduciendo significativamente los costos y la logística operativa. Adicionalmente, la plataforma entrega hallazgos asociados a los distintos datos e indicadores, validados científicamente por un equipo multidisciplinar de expertos en ciencias de la naturaleza.&nbsp;<h3>2. Disponibilidad y calidad de datos ambientales</h3> Para entender la trayectoria de un ecosistema las compañías dependen de datos históricos y datos actualizados que sean confiables y consistentes. Trabajar con información fragmentada de distintas fuentes, datos de baja resolución o bases de datos sesgadas dificulta hacer una evaluación real del impacto y obtener una perspectiva histórica. Atlas: los modelos a través de los cuales se construyen los indicadores de la naturaleza disponibles en Atlas combinan diversas fuentes de datos y son desarrollados teniendo en cuenta sesgos potenciales. Los indicadores combinan datos históricos con datos actualizados en las mejores resoluciones disponibles para garantizar mediciones precisas y profundas.<h3>3. Procesamiento, almacenamiento y análisis de datos</h3> El mundo natural es complejo y seguirle la pista a lo que sucede en un área específica implica considerar una enorme cantidad de puntos de datos. Procesar, almacenar y analizar esos grandes volúmenes requiere de una infraestructura computacional robusta y de expertos en ciencia de datos que no todas las empresas tienen a su disposición.&nbsp; Atlas: la infraestructura tecnológica sobre la que está construida nuestra plataforma hace el trabajo pesado que representa este desafío técnico. La idea es que las compañías puedan acceder a la información de su interés sin fricciones, permitiéndoles tomar decisiones estratégicas de manera ágil al tiempo que ahorran tiempo, energía y dinero.&nbsp;<h3>4. Dificultad para interpretar y comunicar los datos</h3> Contar con grandes volúmenes de datos de la naturaleza sin una forma clara de analizarlos y visualizarlos puede ser abrumador para muchas empresas. Bien sea para comunicar su progreso en sostenibilidad frente a inversionistas, consumidores y entidades reguladoras, o presentarlos al interior de la organización, interpretar y comunicar datos medioambientales no siempre es sencillo.&nbsp; Atlas: nuestra solución fue construida para que tanto los perfiles técnicos como aquellos que no lo son puedan interpretar y presentar métricas ambientales complejas a audiencias especializadas y no especializadas. Atlas tiene una interfaz intuitiva que ofrece diversas visualizaciones, mapas interactivos, listados rigurosos y hallazgos fáciles de entender para cada uno de los indicadores.&nbsp;<h3> 5. Falta de metodologías estandarizadas</h3> No existe un único marco globalmente aceptado para medir el impacto ambiental, lo que lleva a diferencias en los resultados según la metodología utilizada. Sin estándares claros, los resultados pueden ser inconsistentes y dificultar la comparabilidad entre sectores, industrias y empresas que ejecutan estrategias de sostenibilidad y reportan sobre su impacto en la naturaleza.&nbsp; Atlas: los indicadores de Atlas pueden adaptarse a distintas metodologías y marcos de reportería globales y de vanguardia, como GRI, SASB, Nature Positive y TNFD. Nuestro equipo tiene la capacidad de guiar a cualquier empresa en este proceso, asegurando la validez y comparabilidad de los datos entregados.<h3> 6. Cumplimiento de regulaciones medioambientales</h3> Las regulaciones ambientales son cada vez más estrictas y están en constante actualización, lo que implica que las compañías deben adaptarse continuamente a nuevas normativas para evitar sanciones económicas y daños reputacionales. Esto es particularmente desafiante para empresas que operan en varios países o jurisdicciones, lo cual las obliga a adaptarse a diferentes normas y estándares ambientales.&nbsp; Atlas: a través de indicadores precisos y transparentes, nuestra solución permite cuantificar el impacto de una empresa en la naturaleza desde una perspectiva de cumplimiento frente a regulaciones y normativas vigentes. Además de expertos en tecnología, ciencias de la tierra y ciencia de datos, nuestro equipo también cuenta con un área especializada en legislación ambiental.<h3> 7. Falta de integración con otras fuentes de información</h3> Muchas empresas ya cuentan con datos ambientales en terreno o plataformas de medición, pero carecen de herramientas para combinar todas sus métricas y lograr una visión holística sobre sus áreas naturales de interés. Compatibilizar distintos sistemas de monitoreo ambiental y diversas fuentes de datos es un dolor de cabeza común para las áreas de sostenibilidad. Atlas: además de los indicadores propietarios que hemos desarrollado y de otros indicadores de la naturaleza disponibles en la plataforma, Atlas permite integrar múltiples fuentes de datos en un solo lugar para servir como una fuente única de verdad (SSOT). Por ejemplo, en Atlas pueden convivir datos de cámaras trampa, imágenes satelitales y bases de datos externas.&nbsp;<h2> ¿Quieres saber más sobre Atlas?&nbsp;</h2> Nuestra plataforma de inteligencia de la naturaleza reúne decenas de indicadores medioambientales en categorías como carbono, biodiversidad, vegetación, clima, riesgo y agua, que pueden ser aplicados a tus zonas naturales de interés para ayudarte a tomar decisiones ágiles y basadas en evidencia sobre el mundo natural.&nbsp; Una de las características principales de la plataforma que hemos desarrollado es su flexibilidad y su capacidad de adaptarse a distintas empresas para ayudarlas a solucionar sus desafíos de medición de la naturaleza. Si tu empresa quiere entender con mayor detalle su relación con el mundo natural o tiene un desafío de medición de impacto ambiental, no dudes en ponerte en contacto. <a href="https://le.mu/es/">Puedes agendar una demo gratuita en pocos minutos.</a> De esa forma podemos conocer las necesidades particulares de tu compañía y explorar soluciones juntos.&nbsp;

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Medición de impacto ambiental: desafíos y soluciones para empresas

All businesses have nature in their value chain. Whether directly or indirectly, companies across all sectors depend on natural resources and ecosystem services to develop products, offer services, and maintain operational stability. Nature not only provides raw materials such as water, timber, minerals, and agricultural products but also provides essential services like climate regulation, crop pollination, and air and water purification—fundamental processes for maintaining the balance of natural cycles on our planet, ensuring human well-being, and supporting economic activities across various industries.Preserving the health of natural ecosystems is a shared responsibility that more and more companies are becoming aware of. Evidence of this includes public environmental commitments made by organizations of all sizes, the creation of roles and departments dedicated to developing environmental sustainability strategies, the progress of global movements such as Net Zero and <a href="https://www.instagram.com/p/DC9mQeOqK9r/">Nature Positive</a>, and advances in environmental regulations that impose more stringent obligations on businesses to protect the natural world.This shared responsibility comes with an unavoidable requirement: companies must be able to measure their impact on nature accurately and transparently. Without concrete and precise data, assessing progress, optimizing strategies, and demonstrating commitment is difficult. However, achieving this poses a significant challenge, as environmental impact measurement can be costly, time-consuming, and logistically complex. The good news? <a href="https://www.instagram.com/p/DFGglemIeEG/?img_index=1">Environmental monitoring and analysis tools</a> that leverage advanced technology are readily available today to make this process more efficient.This article will explore some of the main challenges of measuring environmental impact across large territories. Additionally, we will show you how your company can achieve thin agilely and cost-efficiently using <a href="https://le.mu/atlas-web/">Atlas</a>, our nature intelligence platform, which combines advanced technology with scientifically validated methodologies to provide nature-related data for your areas of interest.<h2>Environmental Quantification: 6 Benefits of Measuring Impact on Nature</h2> Conducting environmental impact assessments is not a peripheral exercise in your business strategy—quite the opposite. Understanding in detail how your company interacts with the natural world throughout its value chain has the potential to directly impact your business model and corporate goals, ensuring operational stability and unlocking new growth opportunities. Here are six benefits for companies investing in environmental analysis:1. Greater resilience to natural phenomenaSince companies depend directly or indirectly on nature, environmental degradation or ecosystem changes can pose operational and financial risks. By measuring their interface with the natural world, companies can identify their dependencies, anticipate risks, and develop adaptation strategies to ensure long-term sustainability. 2. Optimization of resource useMany companies use natural resources without fully understanding their consumption efficiency or environmental impact. Measuring impact allows them to identify opportunities to reduce water, energy, and raw material waste, minimizing their ecological footprint and generating significant savings. For example, monitoring land use through satellite data can help agricultural businesses improve irrigation practices, optimizing water consumption without compromising production.3. Easier regulatory complianceEnvironmental regulations are constantly evolving and becoming stricter in different countries, including Chile. From emissions regulations to ecosystem conservation requirements, companies must demonstrate compliance to avoid financial penalties and reputational damage. Having solid data on environmental impact facilitates compliance with these regulations and allows businesses to anticipate future legislative changes, reducing the risk of fines and operational restrictions.4. Better evidence-based decision-makingAccurate environmental impact measurement provides scientific data that enables companies to design more effective strategies and maximize their positive impact. This helps avoid ineffective strategies or investments with uncertain returns resulting from decisions without reliable information. For example, a renewable energy company can use indicators for biodiversity and ecosystem changes to assess the optimal location for new projects and avoid negative environmental impacts.5. Ability to demonstrate progress on environmental commitmentsMore and more companies are publicly committing to reducing their ecological footprint and designing sustainability strategies. Without verifiable data, it is impossible to demonstrate progress toward these commitments and strategies, which can cast doubts on the credibility of these promises and cause lasting damage to the company's reputation.6. Meeting investor and consumer demandsInvestors and consumers increasingly value sustainability. They demand greater transparency and environmental commitment from companies. Investment funds assess a company's impact on nature when making financing decisions, just as consumers prioritize corporate responsibility in their purchasing choices. Therefore, having verifiable environmental metrics can open new business and financing opportunities.<h2>Challenges and Solutions in Environmental Impact Studies</h2> The benefits of measuring the impact on nature are unquestionable. However, saying it is different from doing it. And doing it, as we have mentioned, presents several challenges. Here are some of the main ones, along with what Atlas, our nature intelligence platform, can do to solve them:<h3>1. Cost and resources required for measurement</h3> Rigorous environmental impact measurement requires significant investments in multiple measurement tools and multidisciplinary teams. Sending experts to the field is logistically complex, time-consuming, and costly, as is covering large land areas to install sensors and environmental monitoring tools.Atlas: By using satellite imagery, our platform enables remote and efficient impact assessment, significantly reducing costs and logistical complexity. Additionally, Atlas provides scientifically validated insights from a multidisciplinary team of nature science experts.<h3>2. Availability and quality of environmental data</h3> To understand an ecosystem's trajectory, companies rely on both historical and updated data that must be reliable and consistent. Working with fragmented information from different sources, low-resolution data, or biased databases makes it difficult to conduct an accurate impact assessment and gain a historical perspective.Atlas: The models used to build Atlas' nature indicators combine various data sources and are developed with potential biases in mind. These indicators integrate historical data with the best resolutions available to ensure precise and in-depth measurements.<h3>3. Data processing, storage, and analysis</h3> The natural world is complex, and tracking changes in a specific area requires managing vast amounts of data points. Processing, storing, and analyzing these large volumes of information requires robust computational infrastructure and data science experts, which not all companies have at hand.Atlas: The technological infrastructure on which our platform is built takes on the heavy lifting of this technical challenge. The goal is to provide companies with seamless access to the information they need, enabling them to make strategic decisions quickly while saving time, energy, and money.<h3>4. Difficulty in interpreting and communicating data</h3> Having vast volumes of environmental data without a straightforward way to analyze and visualize it can be overwhelming for many companies. Whether communicating sustainability progress to investors, consumers, and regulators or presenting data internally, interpreting and conveying environmental information is not always easy.Atlas: Our solution is designed so that both technical and non-technical profiles can interpret and present complex environmental metrics to specialized and non-specialized audiences. Atlas features an intuitive interface with various visualizations, interactive maps, rigorous lists, and easy-to-understand insights for each indicator.<h3>5. Lack of standardized methodologies</h3> There is no single globally accepted framework for measuring environmental impact, leading to differences in results depending on the methodology used. Without clear standards, results can be inconsistent, making it challenging to compare sustainability strategies and impact reports across sectors, industries, and companies.Atlas: Atlas indicators can be adapted to various global and cutting-edge reporting frameworks, such as GRI, SASB, Nature Positive, and TNFD. Our team can guide any company through this process, ensuring the validity and comparability of the data provided.<h3>6. Compliance with environmental regulations</h3> Environmental regulations are becoming increasingly strict and are continuously updated, meaning companies must constantly adapt to new rules to avoid financial penalties and reputational damage. This is particularly challenging for companies operating in multiple countries or jurisdictions, requiring them to comply with different environmental standards. Atlas: Through precise and transparent indicators, our solution quantifies a company's impact on nature from a compliance perspective per current regulations and standards. In addition to experts in technology, earth sciences, and data science, our team includes experts on environmental legislation.<h3>7. Lack of integration with other information sources</h3> Many companies already have environmental data from fieldwork or other measurement platforms but lack the tools to integrate all their metrics and achieve a holistic view of their areas of interest. Compatibility issues between environmental monitoring systems and data sources are a common challenge for sustainability units.Atlas: In addition to the proprietary indicators we have developed and other nature indicators available on the platform, Atlas enables the integration of multiple data sources, serving as a single source of truth (SSOT). For example, Atlas can combine camera trap data, satellite imagery, and external databases in one platform.<h2>Want to Learn More About Atlas?</h2> Our nature intelligence platform gathers dozens of environmental indicators in categories such as carbon, biodiversity, vegetation, climate, risk, and water. Our indicators can be applied to your areas of interest to help you make agile, evidence-based decisions about the natural world. In addition, one of the key features of our platform is its flexibility and ability to adapt to different companies and needs, helping them solve nature measurement challenges. If your company wants to understand its relation with the natural world in greater detail or has a particular challenge in measuring environmental impact, don't hesitate to get in touch. <a href="https://le.mu/">You can schedule a free demo in just a few minutes.</a> That way, we can learn about your company's needs and explore solutions together. &nbsp;

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Environmental Impact Measurement: Challenges and Solutions for Businesses

If you had told us that 4 days, 14 hours, and 10 minutes after entering orbit we would have a flawless, almost perfect image with no anomalies from our satellite Lemu Nge, we would’ve asked you for a bite of your cookie. But no cookie needed to be harmed to achieve this moonshot, as that’s exactly what happened!&nbsp;On August 21, 2024, at 11:39 AM UTC, Lemu Nge captured 5000 lines in the Panchromatic band (250nm-625nm), resulting in a 23x28 km image from a 600 km orbit (the distance from Frutillar to Talca) over vineyards north of Lisbon, Portugal.The 1-band image, displayed in black and white (colorized with AI for entertainment and to simulate surface distinctions), will serve as the basis for future captures using the 32 bands of our hyperspectral camera, capable of distinguishing vegetation, water, infrastructure, and more.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/lemu-web-prod/Lemu_Nge_First_Image_Social_4615df0316/Lemu_Nge_First_Image_Social_4615df0316.jpeg" alt="Lemu Nge-First Image-Social.jpeg"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/lemu-web-prod/Lemuy_Nge_First_Image_Colorized_Social_bc585be37f/Lemuy_Nge_First_Image_Colorized_Social_bc585be37f.jpeg" alt="Lemuy Nge-First Image Colorized-Social.jpeg">This achievement is extraordinary due to its clarity, less than a week after launch. Results like this typically take months or even years of calibration. Now begins the testing phase with the 32 bands: configuring, calibrating, and synchronizing them, along with the ionic propulsion system, to capture key ecosystems of Chile and the Global South for our biological mission.This first image was 20 megapixels, reduced to 10 to ease downloading and increase sharpness. At full capacity, Lemu Nge will be able to capture up to 32 gigapixels of a broad spectral range over 2 million hectares of ecosystems on a single pass. All this from a satellite the size of a shoebox that consumes the equivalent of 4 LED light bulbs.&nbsp;Lemu Nge’s success is due to the collective intelligence of a global team with a common purpose: protecting the future of all living beings. Thanks to everyone who made this possible! Nobody ever achieves anything alone.(SPOILER ALERT: We are continuing with the tests and already have our first RGB image, but it’s not from Chile yet — lots of clouds lately. More updates soon!)

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Our satellite Lemu Nge flawlessly captures its first image from space

FRUTILLAR, CHILE (August 17, 2024) - Lemu, a Chilean startup pioneering technology to enhance nature-based solutions, announced today that its Lemu Nge satellite was successfully launched by SpaceX on August 16, 2024, from the Vandenberg Space Force Base in California, United States.“Satellite imagery is the most efficient way to be able to monitor the 51 billion hectares of our planet, but despite all the satellites in orbit, very few are Earth observation satellites and even fewer have instruments that allow us to effectively distinguish biodiversity from space,” commented Leo Prieto, founder and CEO of Lemu. “After 6 years of work, we are thrilled to have put Lemu Nge in orbit, the first hyperspectral nanosatellite dedicated exclusively to this task. Its unique configuration puts it in a very small group of instruments needed to bridge nature's data gap, increasing the resolution of the data we currently use by more than 20 times.”The launch was an unprecedented technological milestone in the history of Chile, being the first time that a Chilean company placed a satellite into orbit and the first satellite in the world designed exclusively to observe biodiversity in the ecosystems of our planet, thus becoming a tool of the highest value for the study and protection of the natural world.Lemu Nge means “Forest Eye” in Mapudungun, inheriting this name from its main payload and scientific mission, a high-definition hyperspectral camera optimized for the observation of the Earth's ecosystems, allowing to see in detail their composition, trends, and changes over time.After the Launch and Early Operations Phase (LEOP), the initial mission of Lemu Nge will be focused on Chile, due to the large geospatial data gap for this country and the Southern Hemisphere in general.Initial observation areas will include:<ul><li>Characterization of Ramsar category Andean wetlands, from the highlands to Tierra del Fuego. &nbsp;</li><li>Monitoring of underwater macroalgae forests along the Chilean coast. &nbsp;</li><li>Classification of changes in land use. &nbsp;</li><li>Identification of key plant species — especially trees. &nbsp;</li><li>Identification of invasive plant species.</li></ul>The information gathered will help design effective conservation actions and sustainably manage the country's natural functions. Subsequently, the mission will be extended to the Global South and eventually to the entire world.Lemu Nge is a 6U (30x20x10 cm) nanosatellite, about the size of a shoebox. Its high-resolution hyperspectral camera can segment land cover and vegetation biodiversity with more than 20 times the current accuracy. The camera measures 32 spectral bands between 450 and 900 nanometers, making it possible to see details invisible to the human eye. The resolution on the ground is 4.75 m from 500 km altitude (Low Earth Orbit or LEO). The satellite has an advanced liquid metal ion electric propulsion system using non-toxic depressurized materials (FEEP), which allows it to adjust its orbit and de-orbit safely at the end of its mission, disintegrating without leaving space debris. It completes one orbit around the Earth every 90 minutes, resulting in 14 daily orbits (heliosynchronous or SSO).This mission is the result of more than 6 years of collaboration between Earth science, aerospace engineering, and information technology professionals from several countries: Designed by Lemu in Chile, assembled by NanoAvionics in Lithuania, with key components from Simera Sense in South Africa, Enpulsion in Austria, and launched into orbit by SpaceX from the USA.Lemu continues to advance its mission to bring nature online, bridging nature's data gap to help curb the environmental crisis. Its Atlas platform drives nature-based decisions by making nature visible in the value chain of all companies and institutions, facilitating solutions through its network of over 70 verified conservation and restoration projects across 5 continents. Lemu is approaching its goal of financing the conservation of 1% of the Earth's land surface by 2033. &nbsp;

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Lemu Nge: the first satellite dedicated to biodiversity goes into orbit!

Cloud forests are well protected by one of our stewards: Fundación Guanacas, Bosques de Niebla. This non-governmental organization located in northern Colombia works towards the conservation and expansion of crucial ecosystems called cloud forests, which are basically rainforests at high altitudes.These forests occur when thick vegetation reaches high mountains, and clouds help to create a humid environment filled with rainwater and atmospheric moisture (mist). They are also biodiversity-rich biomes since they are home to numerous endemic species whose survival is interconnected.To protect cloud forests and all life within them from the climate crisis, Fundación Guanacas works incessantly to conserve the area but to pursue their mission, they need our collaboration.This is why they became one of our stewards: through our app, you can connect with Fundación Guanacas and support them financially in order to conserve their ecosystem and wildlife. Water factories from the cloudsAs mentioned, cloud forests have unique features that make biodiversity thrive. These exceptional biomes are an important source of water for rivers, which also means that they are vital to many species living in the area.In fact, “Guanacas” is not only the name of one of the towns in which the reserve is located, but it is also an indigenous term that means “sacred water over stone,” an accurate concept if we consider the function of this natural system, where vegetation transforms fog into the water, becoming an essential regulator of the water cycle.<h1>Heavenly vegetation in a delicate circle</h1>Cloud forests are also home to many endemic species that need this environment to survive. Within the surrounding flora at Fundación Guanacas, you can typically find incredible orchids (Epidendrum fimbriatum), towering oaks (Quercus humboldtii), magnificent ferns (Cyatheaceae), breathtaking wax palms (Ceroxylon quindiuense) and ancient trees like “Alma Negra” (Magnolia sp).All the endemic flora in cloud forests plays a part in its delicate balance, so let’s explore one of the most beautiful ones: orchids. These outstanding plants with colorful flowers are found on almost all continents, but in cloud forests they have the highest number of species.Why are orchids so important? They are flowers that support pollinators; they offer their nectar to bees, flies, butterflies, and humming-birds, which in turn go and spread pollen to fertilize other plants. When any population of plants or animals drops, this cycle is interrupted, breaking the chain, which means many ecological problems arise.<h1>Heights where animals find shelter</h1>The fauna of cloud forests is also very diverse. Up there, many species of birds find food and shelter. We could mention, for example, the Andean motmot (Momotus aequatorialis), a blue-capped bird that lives at very high altitudes (it can nest at 3100m), or the green jay (Cyanocorax yncas) and the sparrow (Atlapetes blancae), which is now a critically endangered species.There are other peculiar animals, such as the “chocolate” frog (Hyloscirtus antioquia), a dark brown tree frog whose habitat is getting smaller every day.Felines are also part of this foggy scenery, including the cougar (Puma concolor), the northern tiger cat (Leopardus tigrinus), and the ocelot (Leopardus pardalis). These three species play a key role in the ecosystem’s balance. Cloud forests need all the help they can getIn 1970, cloud forests covered 50 million hectares of land. Presently, we are losing 1% each year.Colombia, home to the foundation, is the largest area containing these ecosystems, but now only 10–20% of them remain. This is due to many factors, such as population growth, unsustainable land use, and global warming.The rising temperatures force cloud forests to go even higher, reaching greater altitudes each year, while lower elevations suffer from deforestation. This means that the amount of heat produced results in less cloud moisture and the death of many species that rely on the typical humidity of that environment.Other consequences of climate change for cloud forests include more natural disasters due to harder and more frequent storms, animal migration, and the loss of biodiversity.Felines, frogs, lizards, ancient trees, bees, orchids, and even lichens could disappear if it weren’t for the work of organizations like Fundación Guanacas, and Bosques de Niebla. More than ever, they need our help to save cloud forests and restore their splendor.<h1>An organization with an important mission</h1>As mentioned before, the climate crisis is affecting cloud forests negatively. That is why part of Fundación Guanacas’s job is to keep this natural sanctuary as intact as possible and to restore what is already damaged. They have a conservation territory of approximately 762 hectares and created many programs aimed at addressing specific topics related to cloud forest conservation.The foundation also acts as an ecotourist location where you can, among other activities, camp, and practice birdwatching. They are also involved in investigative and educational projects that raise awareness about the importance of cloud forests.To support them, you can:<ul><li>Adopt a sparrow.</li><li>Give a tree as a gift.</li><li>Plant a wax palm under your name.</li></ul>These steps are simplified <a href="https://le.mu/">in our app,</a> where you can connect with Fundación Guanacas by adopting a hectare of your choosing and supporting its conservation efforts at the tap of a button.Follow us to learn more about Fundación Guanacas and <a href="https://www.instagram.com/lemuearth/?hl=es">Lemu</a>.

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Meet the Stewards: Fundación Guanacas

Found in over 70 countries and territories, TNC is one of the world’s leading conservation groups with a focus on solving biodiversity loss and the ever growing issue of<a href="https://blog.le.mu/3-reasons-to-join-lemu-77581eedcb7a"> climate change</a>.Working with some of the leading scientists, staff and members, TNC is one of the key environmental organizations we at Lemu have the pleasure of working with.One of the oldest beings on Earth has this particular organization to thank for some of its preservation.Other equally important projects, such as the <a href="https://blog.le.mu/the-valdivian-coastal-reserve-a-highway-to-the-ice-age-aaf2dacb3706">Valdivian Coastal Reserve</a>, are guarded by TNC. This area is home to one of the oldest beings on Earth, like a a 2400 year-old tree, which is only accessible with the help of local tourist guides.Get to know this project and more by <a href="https://le.mu/">downloading our app!</a><h1>Here are 3 reasons why we love TNC:</h1>1. Through the work and initiatives they support, the organization helps to preserve areas from which we are still able to protect and learn from nature. In turn, this helps some of the most vulnerable communities and systems in the world.For example, in Chile, TNC champions conservation efforts that protect the country’s urban and high-Andean wetlands, which, in part, preserve the water supply to six million people in Santiago, Chile’s capital city. 2. When it comes to goals, no-one sets them higher than TNC whose mission is to reduce or store<a href="https://www.nature.org/en-us/what-we-do/our-priorities/"> three billion metric tons of carbon emissions a year by 2030</a>. By continuing to preserve areas such as the Valdivian Coastal Reserve, where some of the oldest trees are found, these efforts will go a long way towards combating the growing threat posed by carbon emissions.In turn this will also assist in the Conservancy’s aim to assist 100 million people at risk of climate emergencies. 3. Like us here at<a href="https://blog.le.mu/3-reasons-to-join-lemu-77581eedcb7a"> Lemu</a>, TNC seeks to foster and inspire robust conversation about the ecosphere, and the part and value that ecosystems play in creating a healthier environment and planet for all. Let’s keep making conservation efforts transparent and teaching each other about<a href="https://blog-es.le.mu/la-importancia-de-los-biomas-y-el-balance-ecol%C3%B3gico-de-la-naturaleza-d44a13e328f9"> why preserving our ecosystems</a> is crucial, now more than ever.<a href="https://le.mu/">Sign up</a> for early access to our app to learn more about how you can play your part!

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Meet the Stewards: 3 Reasons why we love The Nature Conservancy (TNC)

Imagine waking up to the calming sounds of nature, preparing your own food using resources from the land, and walking barefoot through some of the most beautiful landscapes nature has to offer. This sounds like a dream especially at a time when growing urbanization has removed us more and more from nature and its healing abilities.This was the vision for the founders of <a href="https://somosnativos.cl/">Somos Nativos</a>, a foundation that seeks to give the public an opportunity to be at one one with nature.Somos Nativos has created a network of parks in which nature lovers can enjoy access to natural spaces in a way that is no longer readily available.The foundation not only encourages physically immersing one in largely untouched land, but also promotes education around how to conserve nature, and the value that preserving ecosystems can offer.<h1>Parks and recreation: Kaikén School Park</h1><a href="https://somosnativos-cl.translate.goog/parque-escuela?_x_tr_sl=es&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en&amp;_x_tr_pto=sc">Kaiken School Park</a> was the first of the foundation’s parks. About four hours’ drive from Coyhaique, in Chile’s Aysén Region.The park, which is mostly unaltered by humans, is a breathtaking stretch of 3500 hectares.It is here that groups of school children or the general public can “camp” out either in a large barn-like warehouse that houses up to 35 beds, or around campsites. There are activities available, including tours of the park (five to six hours) which can be enjoyed over a number of days.During this time, lessons about the history of the land, its ancestors, the climate, flora and fauna are explored.Also, visitors are given a glimpse to a time of old, when man was fully reliant on Mother Nature, and all she has to offer.Follow Lemu on <a href="https://www.instagram.com/lemuearth/?hl=en">Instagram</a> and Twitter.Some of the other ways in which visitors are taught includes being encouraged to cook their own food, chop up firewood, fish and do some gardening.In Summer, there are the pristine lakes in which to swim in.The park offers a diverse group of guides that include those who are endemic to the land. Recreationally, expression through movement, music, writing are also part of the program.<blockquote>“Nativos promotes a different kind of conservation; one that focuses on promoting an ecosystem where forests, rivers, and the fungi realm, the flora and fauna also coexist with a modern human being that needs to return to the forest, to return to slow cooking, to return to long exploration and different expressions in order to rediscover food sovereignty, responsible construction, low-scale livestock farming.In short, a Neo-Rural culture where ancient and modern ways of doing things meet in pristine territories in order to defend the good life.” says Cristián Fernández, Founder of Nativos.</blockquote>If you enjoy <a href="https://blog.le.mu/3-tips-for-walking-through-the-forest-reducing-your-ecological-footprint-9622da16571b">exploring nature reserves and the forests reducing your ecological footprint</a>, you might also be interested in <a href="https://blog.le.mu/discover-quizap%C3%BA-natural-park-los-andes-many-treasures-b4c443b3d4e9">Quizapú Natural Park</a>, which offers guided tours on horseback. Kaikén’s Flora and faunaThe predominant species in Kaiken Park is the lenga forest, along with a great variety of fungi are also part of this beautiful ecosystem. Regarding the fauna that can be observed on the trails of the park, there is a great variety of birds, among which you can observe:<ul><li>Magellanic Woodpecker (Campephilus magellanicus)</li><li>Kingfisher (Alcedo atthis)</li><li>Caiquén or upland goose (Chloephaga picta)</li><li>Traro (Caracara plancus)</li><li>Condor (Vultur gryphus)</li><li>Buff-necked ibis (Theristicus caudatus)</li><li>Huemul (Hippocamelus bisulcus)</li></ul><h1>Creating a positive impact on nature</h1>As part of the network of parks, Somos Nativos also collaborates with Factory School Park which uses the same concepts and programs found at Kaiken. The 1500 hectare reserve is found in Cochamo, in the Llanquihue Province, Los Lagos Region.Today, they are promoting two School Parks, Aysén and Cochamó respectively. They are more than 5,000 hectares under DRA (real right of conservation) and with programs that receive more than 1,000 annual quotas for youth and adults.Guests are taught about conservation, and the ways of the past, highlighting nature’s benefits.Let’s keep teaching each other about <a href="https://blog-es.le.mu/la-importancia-de-los-biomas-y-el-balance-ecol%C3%B3gico-de-la-naturaleza-d44a13e328f9">why preserving our ecosystems is crucial</a>, now more than ever!

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Experience nature’s best with Somos Nativos

Welcome to the inspiring journey of Salvamontes, a group of dedicated individuals determined to protect the threatened Magnolia trees in the Tropical Andes hotspot, Alto de Ventanas, Antioquia, Colombia. Their efforts have not only safeguarded these majestic trees, but also a myriad of critically endangered species, from orchids to frogs, birds, and mammals. Join us in supporting their cause by downloading the Lemu App.<h2>A tale as old as forests</h2>This remarkable story traces back to a group of passionate individuals, deeply concerned about three species of endangered Magnolia trees in the biodiverse-rich Alto de Ventanas region of Antioquia, Colombia. As time passed, the urgency of their mission escalated, extending their reach to not only the Magnolias, but also to a host of other endangered species including orchids, frogs, birds, and mammals.Today, Salvamontes proudly oversees three natural reserves spanning 528 hectares in Alto de Ventanas. Within these cloud forests, they protect no less than 16 endangered species, including 8 animals, 3 trees, and 5 orchids, some of which are unique to this region.<h2>Almanegra (Magnolia guatapensis): A Tree Beyond Compare</h2>Magnolia guatapensis, or Almanegra de Guatapé, is a species endemic to the northern central cordillera of Antioquia, Colombia. Discovered in the municipality of Guatapé, its name bears testament to its origin. Thriving in humid to very humid forests at elevations between 1800 and 2500 meters, its largest and healthiest population resides in the municipality of Yarumal, within the DRMI Alto de Ventanas.With the potential to grow over 30 meters tall, Almanegra boasts long, straight, slender trunks that rise above the forest canopy. Its exquisite, cream-colored, large flowers emit a strong, inviting fragrance that beckons pollinators from afar. Classified as an endangered species by the IUCN Red List due to its restricted distribution and habitat fragmentation, Almanegra faces threats from habitat destruction and logging for its valuable wood.<h2>Handley’s Slender Opossum (Marmosops handleyi): A Nocturnal Acrobat of the Rainforest</h2>Residing within the borders of Antioquia, specifically in the breathtaking landscape of Alto de Ventanas, Handley’s Slender Opossum is a master of the rainforest. This diminutive creature, native to South America, possesses distinctive features that set it apart. Its lithe, elongated body facilitates seamless navigation through dense vegetation, while its large, round eyes grant exceptional night vision for nocturnal foraging.Equipped with a prehensile tail that acts as an extra appendage, aiding in branch-grasping and tree-climbing balance, this opossum is a nimble acrobat. When threatened, it employs agile maneuvers, making capture by predators a formidable challenge. Notably, Handley’s Slender Opossum possesses the unique ability to produce clicking sounds with its tongue, enabling communication and prey location in the forest's depths.<h2>Ghost Monkey Orchid (Dracula lemurella): A Peculiar Vision in the Deep Forest</h2>Dracula lemurella, with its narrow, pubescent leaves and delicate cream-colored flowers, teeters on the brink of critical extinction due to its severely restricted distribution and rapid habitat loss. The only known natural populations of this exquisite orchid are safeguarded within the natural reserves of Alto de Ventanas.<h2>Salvamontes: Unearthing Nature's Hidden Gems</h2>As Salvamontes' ranks swelled with specialists, they embarked on a journey of unexpected discoveries. In 2020, amidst the lush Bosque Pluvial Premontano of the Los Magnolios Natural Reserve, they stumbled upon a new miniature orchid species of the Lepanthes genus. Through rigorous botanical study, it was christened Lepanthes gloriae in honor of the late Gloria C. Arcila García, mother of one of the discoverers, who is a member of Salvamontes.The following year brought another revelation: Pristimantis carylae, a new species of frog, nestled alongside the Pristimantis chocolatebari (also known as the "Chocolate frog") in the La Selva de Ventanas Natural Reserve. These discoveries underscore the imperative of preserving ecosystems in their natural state.<h2>Their Aspirations and Goals</h2>Salvamontes envisions the restoration of the Los Magnolios reserve in Colombia, achieved through a tree nursery and the planting of endangered endemic species. Additionally, they are fervently working towards creating the Alto de Ventanas ecological corridor by expanding three natural reserves, all while spearheading conservation initiatives for threatened species like the Ventanas Magnolia tree, the Ghost Monkey Orchid, and Handley's Slender Opossum.<h2>Be there for them</h2>Embark on this incredible journey with Salvamontes and become a part of their mission. Download the Lemu App to support their vital conservation efforts in Alto de Ventanas. Together, we can make a difference for these remarkable species and the precious ecosystems they call home.

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